U.S. President Donald Trump, joined by Republican lawmakers, indicators the One, Huge Lovely Invoice Act into regulation on July 04, 2025 in Washington, DC. The regulation consists of cuts to funding for Medicaid, meals help and different social security internet packages.
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Medical doctors, hospitals, and well being insurers for weeks issued dire warnings to Republican lawmakers that hundreds of thousands of individuals would lose well being protection and hospitals would shut in the event that they minimize Medicaid funding to assist pay for President Donald Trump’s massive tax and spending invoice.
However Republicans ignored these pleas, made even deeper cuts, and despatched the laws to the White Home on July 3, the place Trump signed it the subsequent day.
The regulation’s passage marked a uncommon political loss for a number of the well being trade’s greatest gamers. When unified, docs, hospitals, and insurers have stood among the many strongest lobbying forces in Washington and have a protracted observe document of blocking or forcing modifications to laws that might damage them financially.
However well being trade lobbyists are catching their breath and assessing the harm after Trump’s large invoice raced by Congress in lower than two months with solely Republican votes.
A number of lobbyists provided numerous causes for being unable to stave off massive cuts to Medicaid, the $900 billion state-federal medical health insurance program that covers low-income and disabled folks and accounts for 19% of all spending on hospital care. . However practically all agreed that GOP lawmakers have been extra nervous about angering Trump than going through backlash from native hospitals and constituents again dwelling.
“Members have been extra petrified of Trump issuing a major problem than disappointing native voters who could discover their hospital has to shut or their insurance coverage premium could go up,” stated Bob Kocher, a accomplice with enterprise capital agency Venrock who served within the Obama administration, referring to election primaries main into the midterms coming in 2026.
Think about what occurred to Sen. Thom Tillis (R-N.C.). After he took to the Senate flooring to announce his opposition to the invoice due to its cuts to Medicaid, Trump threatened to help a challenger to run towards Tillis subsequent 12 months. Shortly thereafter, Tillis introduced his retirement from politics.
Bitter emotions over the ACA
However different elements have been at work.
The well being trade’s warnings to lawmakers could have been dismissed as a result of hospitals, well being facilities, and different well being care supplier teams are seen by Republicans as sturdy backers of the Inexpensive Care Act, the regulation often called Obamacare that is thought of Democrats’ greatest home achievement in a long time.
The ACA expanded authorities medical health insurance protection to hundreds of thousands of individuals beforehand not eligible. And no Republicans voted for it.
“Hospitals’ help of the ACA has annoyed Republicans, and consequently there’s much less a reservoir of goodwill to hospitals than up to now,” Kocher stated.
Ceci Connolly, chief government of the Alliance of Group Well being Plans, stated her lobbying group spent additional time on Capitol Hill with lawmakers and their staffers, elevating considerations about how the laws would imperil well being care protection.
“There was virtually an overriding sense on the a part of Republicans in Congress to ship a significant victory for President Trump,” she stated. Her group represents well being plans that present protection in about 40 states. “That outdated a few of their considerations, reluctance, and hesitation.”
Connolly stated she repeatedly heard from GOP lawmakers that the main target was on delivering on Trump’s marketing campaign promise to increase his 2017 tax cuts.
She stated the considerations of some average members helped result in one concession: a $50 billion fund to assist rural hospitals and different well being suppliers.
The cash, she stated, could have made it simpler for some lawmakers to help a invoice that in whole cuts greater than $1 trillion from Medicaid over a decade.
Lobbying succeeded in some methods
One other twist: Many new lawmakers have been clearly nonetheless studying about Medicaid, she stated.
Republicans additionally appeared keen to scale back the scope of Medicaid and Inexpensive Care Act market protection after enrollment in each packages soared to document ranges throughout the pandemic and the Biden administration, she stated. Trump’s regulation requires states to confirm eligibility for Medicaid a minimum of each six months and ends auto-enrollment into market plans — steps well being coverage specialists says will reverse a few of these features.
Charles “Chip” Kahn, a longtime well being lobbyist and CEO of the Federation of American Hospitals, which represents for-profit hospitals, stated the trade’s message was heard on Capitol Hill. However as a result of the invoice handled so many different points, together with tax cuts, border safety, and power, lawmakers needed to resolve whether or not potential well being protection losses have been extra necessary.
It was very totally different than in 2017, when Republicans tried to repeal Obamacare however failed. Trump’s 2025 measure, Kahn stated, is not a well being reform invoice nor a well being invoice.
It “left us with an consequence that was unlucky.”
There have been some successes, nonetheless, Kahn stated.
Business lobbying did forestall the federal authorities from lowering its share of spending for states that expanded Medicaid beneath the ACA. Hospitals and different Medicaid advocates additionally persuaded Congress to not cap this system’s open-ended federal funding to states. Each measures would have tallied billions extra in further Medicaid funding cuts.
The brand new regulation does not change eligibility guidelines for Medicaid nor change its advantages. But it surely does stipulate that states require most Medicaid enrollees who gained protection through the ACA’s growth to doc that they work or volunteer 80 hours a month, a provision the Congressional Price range Workplace predicts will result in about 5 million folks shedding protection by 2034.
Supplier tax cuts delayed
The regulation additionally limits states’ use of a decades-old system of taxing well being suppliers to leverage additional federal Medicaid funding. This was one other loss for the hospital trade, which has supported the follow as a result of it led to greater funds from Medicaid.
Medicaid typically pays decrease charges for care than personal insurance coverage and Medicare, this system for folks 65 and older in addition to these with disabilities. However attributable to supplier taxes, some hospitals are paid extra beneath Medicaid than Medicare, in accordance with the Commonwealth Funda well being analysis nonprofit.
Kahn credit the Paragon Well being Institute, a conservative assume tank, and its CEO Brian Blase for pushing the argument that supplier taxes amounted to legalized “cash laundering.” Blase suggested Trump on well being coverage in his first time period.
One hospital government who requested for his identify to be withheld to keep away from skilled retribution stated the message — that some amenities had used this play to extend their income — resonated with GOP lawmakers. “They thought some hospitals have been doing advantageous financially and didn’t need to reward them,” he stated.
Nonetheless, Kahn, who’s retiring on the finish of the 12 months, stated he was happy the Senate delayed implementation of the supplier tax cuts till 2028. That may give the well being trade an opportunity to push for modifications to the regulation, he speculated, after the 2026 midterm election and a doable shift within the stability of energy in Congress.
In rural northeastern Louisiana, Todd Eppler, CEO of Desoto Regional Medical Middle, had hoped Congress would move the preliminary Home model of the invoice, which did not embody cuts to provider-tax funding. However he stated any affect on his hospital in Mansfield, positioned in Home Speaker Mike Johnson’s district, will probably be offset by the $50 billion rural well being fund.
“I’m joyful the place we ended up,” Eppler stated. “I feel they listened to rural hospitals.”
Tens of millions spent in adverts towards the invoice
Hospitals have argued for many years that any cuts in federal funding to Medicaid or Medicare would hurt sufferers and result in service reductions. As a result of hospitals are normally one of many largest employers in a congressional district, trade leaders usually additionally warn of potential job losses. Such arguments usually give lawmakers pause.
However this time round, that message had little traction.
One well being trade lobbyist, who requested to not be recognized to talk candidly with out risking skilled repercussions, stated there was a way on Capitol Hill that hospitals might face up to the funding cuts.
However there’s additionally a perception that commerce teams together with the American Hospital Affiliation, the most important hospital trade lobbying group, might have been more practical. “There’s lot of concern that AHA statements have been too tender, too little, and too late,” he stated.
AHA helped lead a coalition of hospital organizations that spent hundreds of thousands of {dollars} on tv promoting towards the GOP invoice. Its president and CEO, Rick Pollack, stated in a press release earlier than the Home voted on the laws that the cuts to Medicaid could be a “devastating blow to the well being and well-being of our nation’s most susceptible residents and communities.”
Pollack stated in a press release to KFF Well being Information that the attraction of tax cuts drove Republican lawmakers to move the regulation.
“Hospitals and well being techniques have tirelessly advocated to guard protection and entry for hundreds of thousands of individuals,” he stated. “We are going to proceed to boost these important points to mitigate the consequences of those proposals.”
The nation’s largest commerce group for docs, the American Medical Affiliation, additionally opposed the funding cuts to Medicaid and different federal well being packages. Its president, Bobby Mukkamala, stated in a July 1 assertion that the modifications “will shift prices to the states and particularly to physicians and hospitals to offer uncompensated care at a time when rural hospitals and doctor practices are struggling to maintain their doorways open.”
However the AMA was additionally centered on securing greater Medicare charges for docs. The regulation in the end included a one-time 2.5% Medicare pay bump for docs in 2026. This wasn’t a victory as a result of it disregarded the Home model’s everlasting cost repair that will have tied physician pay to the medical inflation fee. Mukkamala famous the non permanent raise however described it as falling “far brief of what’s wanted to protect entry to take care of America’s seniors.”
Joe Dunn, chief coverage officer on the Nationwide Affiliation of Group Well being Facilities, stated his group labored relentlessly this 12 months to stop deeper Medicaid cuts that will financially damage nonprofit clinics. Well being heart directors visited Washington in February, made 1000’s of telephone calls, and despatched emails to members of Congress.
One payoff was that the well being facilities have been exempted from the regulation’s requirement that suppliers cost some Medicaid enrollees as much as $35 copayments for companies.
However on the finish of the day, Dunn stated, many GOP Home and Senate members merely wished to complete the invoice. “They went in a course that happy the president’s timelines and targets,” he stated.
KFF’s chief Washington correspondent Julie Rovner contributed to this report.
KFF Well being Information is a nationwide newsroom that produces in-depth journalism about well being points and is among the core working packages at Kff.
